India’s music and its past are too complex to be briefly defined. Nevertheless, a brief introduction may assist those new to Indian music; they will undoubtedly be more affected by what they hear against what they learn, but foreknowledge of specific theoretical points will improve their understanding. The root can be traced back almost two thousand years to Vedic days. Maybe one of the most significant and most important factors was Islam (and of Persian Music). Multiple variants of folk, traditional, pop, classical music, and R&B are included in the Music of India. Like Carnatic and Hindustani Music, India’s classical music tradition has a history spanning centuries and has grown across many periods. Being a source of spiritual motivation, cultural expression, and pure entertainment, it remains central to the lives of Indians today. India comprises several dozen ethnic groups with very distinct cultural traditions, speaking their languages and dialects.
The Indian Music Industry (1) was founded in India as the Indian Phonographic Industry on 28 February 1936 (IPI). The world’s second-oldest associate of music companies engaged in protecting, maintaining, and expanding the recorded music industry’s interests and actively supporting and promoting creativity and culture through sound recordings. It is a non-commercial organization affiliated to the International Federation of Phonographic Industry and is registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act, rechristened Indian Music Industry (IMI) in 1994. Major record companies such as Sony Music (2), Saregama India Ltd.(3), Universal Music (India) (4), Tips (5), Venus (6), Times Music (7), Aditya Music (8), and many other popular national and regional labels are members of IMI. IMI focuses on different criteria through its registered office in Calcutta and its administrative office in Mumbai, which could be useful for the entire record.
Financial Statistics of the IMI – Deloitte analysis
India’s reported music industry is 1,068 Crore (9) (approximately 0.006 percent of the country’s GDP) and is expected to provide 1,460 people with direct jobs. These statistics typically provide an anchor for a sense of scale as stakeholders and policy-makers think about the industry. However, since music is the raw material for many sectors, the music industry has a disproportionate impact on its scale. As the music flows to its “formal” partner industries of television, radio, live events, films, and audio OTT, (10) sales of 8,660 Crore and full-time equivalent jobs are expected to represent 38,600 Crores, which are estimated to be around 8.1 times the size of the recorded music industry and the employment generated is estimated to be 25.2 times. The impact of music is therefore transmitted to its partner industries, where an amplified effect is produced. This intensified effect characterizes creative industries such as music.
Several informal users/sectors, which interact with considerable sections of society, derive value from music in addition to the formal partner industries, including brass bands, boxy gymnasiums, restaurants, and parlors. Third but not least, music often influences those as mentioned above, formal and informal use. These are in unquantifiable areas, such as acting as a force for national integration and extending India’s culture and presence. As market and revenue models in the Indian OTT audio industry continue to evolve, music’s influence.
Employment growth and opportunities provided by the IMI
The Indian Music Industry takes its system and values very seriously. The rising standards of Music in India have been estimated to support media and commerce’s backbone and provide a considerable chunk ok economic growth to the country. Indian music, both modern and culturally, has been a vital need for the media in today’s consumer-driven force. The use of Indian music in advertisements and shows symbolize certain feelings attributed to the buyer’s social image and self-image. The Impact of Music is beyond number. Indian music has provided National integration, stating music to consumers’ social sentiments and well-being feelings and beliefs. Social messaging, as a form of inspiring a range of people of ages and customs to understand the truth and integrity of the message. Music has been a vital influencer among other sources; it has instilled pride and honor, and unity at times of the hour. Music has been considered to be a healer for mentally ill patients undergoing brain treatments.
Indian music has been the undoubted sole employer of many talented and passionate singers indirectly. Musicians may take inspiration to create a “Cover,” a personal artistic representation of a song. Brass bands in India have created employment for over 25000. Bands use a nibble of musical inspiration to custom their music and enhance popularity. Even music is often played in malls, restaurants, and gyms to create an ambiance through music. Television has created a music revenue at 2850 Crores and employment at 20160 FTE. Radio had created music revenue at 2170 Crores and 4,230 employment FTE. Films have created revenue of 2090 Crores and employment at 5590 FTE. OTT value of music rests at 2700 Crores giving employment figures at 810 FTE.
The Influence of IPRS over Indian Music
The usage of Indian music is undoubtedly one of the most talked-about due to the action of the IPRS (11) in India. Copyrighting music (12) has been more challenging and gruesome every day as many struggles to get past the barrier of huge music baron companies who hold the rights to much of the music released to date. Many music companies hold royalties (13) that are earned by the usage of someone’s music, and they end up generating 50 percent of it. IPRS is to legitimize music users’ use of copyrighted music by granting licenses and receiving royalties from music users, by and on behalf of members of IPRS, i.e., Music Writers, Composers, and Publishers. Royalty therefore obtained is distributed to members after the administrative costs of IPRS are deducted. Composers are best known as music directors; authors are better identified as lyricists, music publishers are the music companies, or those who own the Musical & Literary Works’ publishing rights. Writers are often referred to as authors and composers, which may mean either or both of them.
Participants in the industry have suggested that Piracy, the difference in value (sustainable sharing of In value through the value chain of music), Impediments to laws and regulations (notably Subject to statutory licensing) are some of the fundamental problems faced by recorded music Faces of business. Addressing the latter above Challenges, Government Initiation- Music-centered and export-funded grants Plans, and seeding of success In the next blueprint, the core ecosystem is India’s plans for smart cities steps that will bring the music in order On a higher growth track for the industry. This might, in turn, unlock the associated Effects of amplification in the more massive Economics.
Challenges in the Indian Music Industry – Piracy and more
India’s music industry has navigated a significant growth and sales path after a challenging 2014 and 2015. Last year, the industry expanded by 24.5 percent, from 858 Crores in 2017 to 1,068 Crores in 2018. However, the industry faces a myriad of obstacles that, if resolved, could pave the way for India to become one of the world’s top 10 music markets. Increased mobile penetration and affordable data charges have been followed in India by increasing pirated content’s online consumption. In India’s survey, 76% of internet users surveyed approved to access musical (14) material by pirated means, underlining that Piracy in the country is widespread (15). In India or neighbor countries, like Bangladesh and Pakistan, unauthorized P2P software, streaming apps, streaming ripping websites, or even infringing websites result in losses to the recorded music industry of 250 million annually (16)
Record labels consistently highlight as a critical challenge to the growing “value gap.” The recorded music industry defines the value gap as the increasing mismatch between the value derived from music by some digital platforms, mainly user-upload services. The revenue returned to the music community, those who generate and invest in music (17). With technology, record labels have grown. Today, about 78 percent of India’s revenue from the recorded music industry comes from digital services. They point out, however, that the legislation has not kept pace with evolving technology. The network, its intermediaries, and its standard business models are changing rapidly. For example, intermediaries that once qualified as passive information pipelines are now actively monitoring, managing, and regulating the content on their platforms. Thus one region to be discussed by regulators may be around obsolete safe harbor protections and exceptions that protect liability from internet intermediaries.
Though overall music consumption has never been higher in India (18), record labels indicate that payments have not kept pace for those who make it. Notably, the industry points out that video streaming platforms host copyrighted material on their websites/apps to monetize creator-generated content, particularly those with a user-generated content model. These sites argue they should be isolated from responsibility for the infringing content argue they should be isolated from responsibility for the infringing content; they are mere facilitators of user-upload activities and claim that significant challenges are assessing the nature of the material being uploaded. At the same time, these sites direct users to monetize the posted content by selling ads and collecting user data.
“Owing to the big challenge of Piracy, the music industry is bleeding, and there is no reason to say that physical sales are almost gone. The last hope of the music business is the digital/streaming industry. Music businesses are taking the gamble of keeping the music community alive. They need protection; otherwise, no one would risk producing new content or investing in new talent. They need protection. For music companies to continue to encourage new talent to produce something new and compete in an equal manner, a balance is extremely critical. Small music companies or regional labels would be required to license their content at a much cheaper rate with the implementation of Section 31D (Copyright Act). As a result, in the long run, independent music labels would be unable to survive,”
said Mahua Lahiri, Managing Director at Asha Audio (19)
The Royalty Amendment Act
India’s music industry received the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2012, which amended the Copyright Act, 1957, with a disquiet degree. The amendments grant authors of literary and musical works inserted in films or sound recordings the right to obtain, in any way other than the theatrical use of a film, a minimum of 50 percent share of royalties accrued from the use of works produced by them. The author cannot waive or grant this right except to a copyright company or the author’s legitimate heirs. Therefore, although the copyright assignment is unbarred, a “money interest” has been created. The far-reaching, controversial consequences affect the film and music industries and the exploitation of rights downstream. (20)
The sector would have to make significant improvements to industry standards as a result of the amendments. First, music companies will now foresee changes to current levels of upfront minimum guarantee payments (21), based on pay-outs or accruing “cuts” due to the author’s declaration of the royalty right and consequent “decreased” monetization. Similarly, attempts to distinguish “evaluations” of sound recording copyrights from the underlying copyright will be included in the downstream implications, particularly in the mobile/digital and television distribution sectors where music companies have been granting lump sum-based licenses to mobile value-added service companies and other aggregators and distributors without regard to copyrights.
